Despite being a relatively young organization, Harvard Mock Trial has grown in recent years to become one of the top competitive programs in the country. HMTA boasts first-place victories and top five finishes at invitational tournaments, multiple individual awards, and even a national championship. In 2017 alone, HMTA placed first and second at Yale University's invitational tournament, fourth at Vanderbilt University's Grande Ole Tournament, fourth at New York University's Downtown Tournament, and fourth at the National Championship, winning three All-American awards in the process. Unlike many other top teams, HMTA is entirely student-run.

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HMTA consistently makes appearances in championship rounds, placing as runner-up in 2006, 2007, and 2010. In 2015, Harvard’s A Team won the national championship with a record of 4-0-1 in the final round and a record of 15-1-1 throughout the tournament. The team had a record-breaking year, making Harvard the first program in the nation to win both the University of Virginia’s Great American Mock Trial Invitational and New York University’s Downtown Invitational, the most competitive invitational tournaments, in the same year. Throughout​ the invitational and post-season, the team never lost a single round. In 2022, the A-team won the program's second National title with a record of 3-2 in the final round and a record of 10-1 throughout the tournament, defeating the 2nd, 4th, 7th, and 8th place teams in the division. That year, the team also won a record breaking number of All-Americans— 12, the most of any team on the circuit in multiple years.

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The program’s success has led Harvard Mock Trial to pursue several initiatives outside of competition. Chief among these is the High School Seminar Program, an annual weekend seminar during which high school students come to learn the tactics and techniques that have allowed Harvard Mock Trial to succeed at the highest levels. The results from the seminars have been outstanding – teams and students attending the training program have gone on to win more than a dozen state titles, and include both the 2009 High School National Champions and the 2010 National Runners-Up.